functional gait assessment pdf

Malaps

3 min read

·

09-10-2024

95

0

Share

Decoding the Gait: A Comprehensive Look at Functional Gait Assessment (FGA)

The way we walk, known as gait, is a complex symphony of muscle coordination, balance, and proprioception. It's not just about getting from point A to point B, but a crucial indicator of overall health and function. The Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) is a widely used tool to objectively assess gait and identify underlying impairments.

What is the FGA?

The FGA, developed by Dr. Diane Maki and colleagues, is a 10-item assessment that evaluates balance and gait in a standardized way. It uses a point-scoring system, with higher scores indicating better functional gait. The test is designed to be easy to administer and requires minimal equipment, making it a valuable tool in clinical settings.

Why is the FGA Important?

Understanding the FGA's Significance:

• Early Detection: The FGA is sensitive to subtle gait impairments, allowing for early detection of problems that may not be apparent through visual observation alone. This is particularly important in conditions like Parkinson's disease, stroke, or multiple sclerosis, where gait disturbances are common.

• Objective Measurement: The FGA provides a quantifiable score, which allows for objective monitoring of gait function over time. This is essential for tracking patient progress, adjusting treatment plans, and evaluating the effectiveness of interventions.

• Predictive Value: Studies have shown that the FGA score is a strong predictor of falls and other mobility-related complications.

How is the FGA Performed?

The FGA is administered in a specific sequence:

1. Instructions: The patient is informed about the test and provided with clear instructions.
2. Stand with Feet Together: The patient stands with feet together, arms at their sides, and eyes open.
3. Stand with Feet Together, Eyes Closed: The patient repeats the previous position, but with eyes closed.
4. Semi-Tandem Stance: The patient stands with one foot in front of the other, with the heel of the front foot touching the toes of the back foot.
5. Tandem Stance: The patient stands with one foot directly in front of the other, with the heel of the front foot touching the toes of the back foot.
6. Single Limb Stance, Eyes Open: The patient stands on one leg, with the other leg raised slightly off the ground.
7. Single Limb Stance, Eyes Closed: The patient repeats the previous position, but with eyes closed.
8. Walking: The patient walks at a normal pace for 10 meters.
9. Turning: The patient walks 10 meters, then turns 180 degrees and returns to the starting point.
10. Walking with Closed Eyes: The patient walks with their eyes closed for 10 meters.

Each item is scored on a 4-point scale based on the patient's ability to perform the task:

• 4 Points: No loss of balance or difficulty.
• 3 Points: Slight loss of balance or difficulty.
• 2 Points: Moderate loss of balance or difficulty.
• 1 Point: Severe loss of balance or difficulty.
• 0 Points: Unable to perform the task.

Interpreting the Results:

The FGA total score ranges from 0 to 30, with higher scores indicating better functional gait.

What are the limitations of the FGA?

• Subjectivity: While the FGA provides a standardized assessment, there is still some degree of subjectivity in scoring. This can be minimized through rigorous training of examiners.

• Lack of Specificity: The FGA assesses overall gait function, but it may not be sensitive to specific impairments. For a more comprehensive assessment, it may be necessary to use other tools in conjunction with the FGA.

Beyond the FGA: Additional Resources

While the FGA is a valuable tool, it's important to remember that it's just one piece of the puzzle. Other factors, such as a patient's medical history, comorbidities, and overall functional status, also play a role in understanding gait impairments.

Where can I find more information about the FGA?

• The FGA website: https://www.functionalgaitassessment.org/
• Research articles on Academia.edu: https://www.academia.edu/Search?q=functional+gait+assessment

Final Thoughts:

The FGA is a powerful tool for objectively assessing gait and identifying impairments. By understanding its strengths and limitations, healthcare professionals can use the FGA to guide treatment decisions, monitor patient progress, and ultimately improve patient outcomes.